Having a college degree in safety or a professional safety certification isnt always enough to deem a person competent or qualified for every task. To help improve the safety of the workplace we have listed below the OSHA standard checklist for the general industry. (54 FR 45894, 45895, 45927, October 31, 1989)) B. OSHA began regulating trenching and excavation work activities in 1971. Qualified persons must test, design and install personal fall arrest systems including anchorages and horizontal lifelines. b. And with its 24 grams and ergonomic design, the SECUMAX 150 won't weigh you down with fatigue after a day of cutting. All of the following are OSHA's most cited violations in excavations, except. It is essential to ensure the following: Safety inspections should check for the type of excavation being conducted, support and warning systems in place, access areas, weather conditions, heavy equipment, and PPE. Licenses arent required for many types of jobs, even those that are high-risk. Within the general industry regulations, OSHA has competency requirements in 19 of their standards. Maintaining compliance with OSHA standards entails the commitment of the organization, its management, and all employees to prioritize health and safety. A full-time safety official should be appointed for larger and more complex operations. EHS managers should implement a real-time incident reporting through mobile-ready OSHA 300 forms to identify leading indicators to safe performance. Employees performing emergency shutdown operations must be qualified to ensrue that they can perform their duties safely and in a timely manner. Registered professional engineers, scaffold manufacturers or qualifed, designated agents must errect or supervise the errection of scaffods exceeding 50 ft in height. A regular excavation risk assessment can help improve excavation safety in the workplace. Read this post to find out. Trench Safety Measures Trenches 5 feet (1.5 meters) deep or greater require a protective system unless the excavation is made entirely in stable rock. Cave-ins pose the greatest danger to all excavation workers. practices. Find the range of days taken for medical leave for each month. , excavations involve many hazards. OSHA requires that in all excavations employees exposed to potential cave-ins must be protected by sloping, or benching the sides of the excavation; supporting the sides of the excavation, or placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the For this reason, managers and supervisors must set a standard for good safety practices by ensuring that all regulations are followed down to the smallest detail. As soon as the incumbent CEO signs the health and safety policy, it should be communicated to each employee and carried out with no exceptions. The excavation is less than five feet deep and a competent person has examined the ground and found no indication of a potential cave-in. Only qualified manufacturers may make repairs or modifications involving welding of DOT cotnainers. can reduce hazards and serious risk of injury. (Contact your H&S Coordinator) 2. For non-compliance or partial compliance after an inspection, employers are required to post OSHA citations, until the violation has been corrected, near the area where the violation has been identified. Employers must ensure that each employee, as well as anyone who enters confined spaces and other dangerous atmospheres are properly trained to exit the space in instances where: The employer must establish a shipyard rescue team or hire a third-party rescue team ready to quickly respond to rescue requests: When a change made in a vessel could alter conditions in a confined space and introduce possible hazards, work in the affected space must be stopped and can only be resumed once the safe status has been re-established through proper inspection and testing. <<5cb931cbda28c24badc725f64eb43d2e>]>> All rights reserved. 0000027340 00000 n c. good sources of energy. The entry of surface water into excavations shall also be prevented by means of diversion ditches, dikes, or other suitable means such as wells. Before commencing work, site supervisors should regularly conduct an OSHA toolbox talk for workers to be aware or reminded of job hazards, best practices, and preventive measures. This helps to avoid any unforeseen situations. 0000238214 00000 n "A qualified employee may work alone in a manhold where engertized cables or equipment are in service for a brief period of time to conduct an inspection, perform housekeeping, obtain a tank reading or do similar work if it can be performed safely. @x0(3z`PTL#KF[ 7PrCH9#4s Competent persons must be in charge of magazines, responsible for the enforcement of safety rules, examine fire extinguishers periodically, ensure that explosives recovered from blasting misfires are segregated until the manufacturer determines a disposal method, and supervise warehouses where blasting agents are stored. "Competent person means a person who, because of training and experience, is capable of identifying hazardous or dangerous conditions in powered platform installations and of training employees to identify such conditions. Competent persons must inspect building support structures at least every 12 months. But in many other professions, things arent always as cut and dried. Getting employees to these levels involves more than making them attend a mandatory training session and issuing a certificate of attendance. Contact with buried service lines such as electrical, natural gas, water, sewage, telecommunications, etc. A physicians license documents the fact that the person holding the license has obtained a certain type of knowledge and has been able to demonstrate that knowledge. a registered engineer determines the structure is far enough away from the excavation. 2023 1105 Media Inc, Infrastructure Solutions Group. 433 0 obj<> endobj firing employees for not complying with safety rules. Maritime checklists help employers to keep their employees safe. This section talks about some of the most prominent employer responsibilities regarding the safety and health of employees in the maritime industry as mandated by OSHAs standards: Maritime checklists help employers to keep their employees safe. Replace your paper-based excavation inspection forms with free digital excavation templates you can use with the SafetyCulture Excavation Safety Software. A narrow underground excavation that is deeper than it is wide and no wider than 15 feet (4.5 meters) is called a. annual inspections by a competent person. -provides info, training, and assistance to workers and employers. Build a safety culture from the ground up through mobile-ready safety inspections and real-time incident reporting. Contractors can also use a shield or trench box designed by or according to parameters approved by a registered professional engineer. Find out what changes you'll need to make at your facility to comply with OSHA's new Floor Safety Rule and how it can help prevent workplace fall incidents. e. Point E One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. If less than 5 feet In Fig. The main difference is that excavation is the umbrella term that encompasses any man-made cut in an earth surface, including trenches. Tank venting devices less than or equal to 12 inches must be tested by an outside agency. All such equipment is required to be tested on a regular basis to ensure its usefulness in time of need. Exposure to a hazardous atmosphere (e.g., gas, vapour, dust, biological contaminants, or lack of oxygen). On-site reviews of testing laboratories will be based on protocols established in national consensus standards and conducted by qualified individuals. Electrical: Selection and use of work If two or more cranes are used to lift a load, a qualfied person must analyze the positioning, rigging and movements; and must supervise the operation. Crane operators must be qualified to perform their duties. Employers must ensure that pressure vessels and boilers have a current and valid certification from an insurance company or regulatory authority as evidence for safe installation, inspection, and testing. Manufactured materials are used in a manner consistent with the manufacturers' recommendations and in a way to prevent the employee's exposure to danger. The following excavation safety program is provided only as a guide to assist employers and employees in complying with the requirements of OSHA's Excavation Standard, 29 CFR 1926, Subpart P, as well as to provide other helpful information. If expolosives or blasting agents must be transferred from a disabled vehicle, local first responders should be informed and the transfer must occur under the direction of a qualified person. Facilitate peer-to-peer observations, provide informal feedback, and engage in follow-up discussions to further support safe behavior among employees. Employers must ensure that atmospheric testing is done for oxygen content, flammability, and toxicity, in that order. EHS managers should recognize safe and on-time performance to encourage safe behavior in the workplace. Vehicle brakes and operating systems must be tested at the beginning of each shift by a competent person. Use shoring to protect workers by installing supports to prevent soil movement for trenches that do not exceed 20 feet in depth. Lastly, employers should use tags for any movable equipment or machinery for work use and material handling to alert employees of the hazard (if applicable). On a daily basis, a competent person must perform these inspections. Qualified persons must verify that equipment cannot be restarted; and must perform an inspection before equipment can be re-energized. %PDF-1.7 % Additionally, OSHA added the following to their growing list of initiatives during this period: OSHA continued to find ways to fulfill its mission to assure worker safety through a variety of programs and initiatives during the 1990s. Here are 5 benefits of complying with OSHA requirements: Senior management should create a health and safety policy with clear objectives, indicating the basic health and safety philosophy of the organization. Your email address will not be published. OSHA recognizes that residential construction sites can be very different from commercial sites as they relate to excavations. Once cited violations have been corrected (within OSHAs set deadline) an abatement verification documentation must be submitted. 0000003295 00000 n 0000066930 00000 n To resolve the violations, employers must certify or prove that the violation identified by the compliance officer has been successfully corrected. OSHA standards are sets of guidelines and requirements enforced by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to minimize health and safety risks in US-based workplaces. cML/}Ouv.d:b/tJ#PS2 to s$a?4FS. A qualified person must determine if the systems used with expolosives and blasting agents will adquately dissipate static electricity. Explain why would a firm use a balanced scorecard in evaluating divisional performance? Preventing Displacement of Ramps and Runways, Safety Tips for Sloped and Benched Excavations, Precautions for Exposure to Vehicular Traffic, Safety Measures for Exposure to Falling Loads, Protection from Water Accumulation-related Hazards, Accepted Engineering Practices for Specific Excavation Sites, Application of Tabulated Data by Registered Professional Engineers. Check weather conditions before work, be mindful of rain and storms. Alert all staff to the edge of an excavation by means of mobile equipment, barricades, hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs. To help you and your team get started, download and use the following OSHA checklists for free: Jona Tarlengco is a content writer and researcher for SafetyCulture since 2018. hb```b``+a`g``db@ !V(G Gf6 zR``2i\S3(>yx2/0#Ts86?ZOnH3+p.4bQ>s|n871kE^tH#OIJ ^%YB6/;*%@c~nw}t4VMx: J@SeN_F@z:\Hp>5$@y2m1ZfunIB`a#?Hyi(%!i\d>Qx'"s1R OSHA requires qualified personnel in 32 different regulations. OSHA has set the following guidelines with respect to the protection of employees when installing support systems: OSHA excavation standards require that the protection system be designed by a ________________ when the depth of the excavation exceeds __________________ feet or where unusual site condition exist. Here are some examples of excavation protection: Undoubtedly, adequate training plays an essential role to ensure excavation safety. Governors, secondary brakes and suspension wire rope must be inspected by a competent person to verify the integrity of the products before use. "Qualified person means a person with specific training, knowledge and experience in the area for which the person has the responsibility and the authority to control." Our Tech Team is a group of experts that is dedicated to answering all your regulation questions! Flooding can be avoided by ensuring that there is appropriate pumping equipment so that any water that seeps into the excavation can be easily pumped out to a safe area. In addition to cave-in and related hazards, other threats are exposure to falls or falling loads and mobile equipment. Be mindful of the location of utilities underground. Personnel installing and operting arc welding equipment must be properly trained and qualified. 0000011312 00000 n With iAuditor, safety managers can stay on top of all their team members while keeping an eye out across the business. A competent person in excavation safety is an individual, designated by the employer, who has the authorization to take immediate corrective actions to eliminate excavation-related hazards that are dangerous to workers. Examples of hazardous substances include asbestos, lead, mercury, and pesticides. for. Major considerations, or requirements of the safety regulations, in numerical order of the Sections, are briefly outlined on the following pages. Aside from the warning signs, the following colors are also recommended for workplace use: Aside from providing adequate safety training and a safe work environment, employers must also comply with OSHAs standards to minimize the risk of worker injuries and fatalities. Listed below are sample ideas of relevant excavation safety topics you can talk about with your team: To protect workers from injuries and fatalities, preventive measures should be implemented when workers begin excavating. This position does not have any direct reports. Moving beyond mere regulatory compliance, adherence to OSHA standards protects workers from deadly safety hazards and health risks at work. As any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the Earths surface formed by earth removal,. This includes respirators, safety glasses, face shields, earplugs, protective gloves, flame resistant clothing, etc. OSHA requires that employees exposed to potential cave-in or other excavation hazards must be protected. When OSHA regulations require an employee to be competent or qualified, employers need to ensure and document that that person actually does have the skills, training and understanding necessary to keep themselves and others safe. 0000013735 00000 n An Erosion Control Plan for larger sites is typically required by the state which ensures that soil does not wash off of the site during a rain event. 2. |XA~\|.6h'HlaFq6bsS#xG}58'h3R(EeQgP 0000001808 00000 n Considerations for which support systems to use on-site, and how to design them, make up a substantial portion of this course. Install additional members to carry the load on the support system when temporary removal of individual members is necessary. Safety inspections should check for the type of excavation being conducted, support and warning systems in place, access areas, weather conditions, heavy equipment, and PPE. Always provide a way to exit a trench (such as a ladder, stairway or ramp) no more than 25 feet of lateral travel for employees in the trench. xbbc`b``3 A ` ho OSHA has a Whistleblower Protection Act designed to ensure that employees are not treated unfairly by employers they filed complaints against. The 5-foot rule in excavation is a safety practice that states that unless the pit is made entirely in stable rock, trenches 5 feet deep or greater require the use of a protective system. Does Real-Time Data Enhance Gas Detection Programs? OSHA requires employers to identify an excavation's hazards and create a safety plan to protect workers. Therefore, OSHA requires that workers susceptible to cave-ins be protected from this possibility by sloping, benching, supporting, or shielding the sides of excavations. Employers are responsible for the inspection, maintenance, and testing of portable fire extinguishers. Here are 5 benefits of complying with OSHA requirements: 1. 0000027490 00000 n OSHA generally requires that employers protect workers from cave-ins by: Sloping and benching the sides of the excavation; Supporting the sides of the excavation; or Placing a shield between the side of the excavation and the work area. Emergency preparedness We use cookies to provide necessary website functionality and improve your experience. Point A 0000000567 00000 n A qualified, registered professional engineer must classify areas, select equipment and choose wiring methods. 0000071504 00000 n Employers are also prohibited to discriminate against workers who have filed complaints against employers. Employers must provide the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to each employee where necessary. -workers may file a complaint to have them inspect workplace, use their rights under the law, receive info and training about hazards, methods to prevent harm, and standards that apply to the workplace. Weve mastered the ins-and-outs of regulations and liquid management and we can help you with the information, best practices and practical solutions you need. __________ involves cutting back the trench wall at an angle inclined ______ the excavation. endstream endobj 434 0 obj<>/OCGs[436 0 R]>>/PieceInfo<>>>/LastModified(D:20030826100643)/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 436 0 obj<>/PageElement<>>>>> endobj 437 0 obj<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>/Properties<>>>/StructParents 0>> endobj 438 0 obj<> endobj 439 0 obj<> endobj 440 0 obj<> endobj 441 0 obj<> endobj 442 0 obj<> endobj 443 0 obj<> endobj 444 0 obj<>stream Daily excavation safety inspections are ideally conducted before shift starts and, as deemed necessary, during work. Another way to help reinforce excavation safety is by conducting toolbox talks regularly. Excavations that have a depth of ___________ feet or more must have a way to enter the excavation. A partial payment is made on the date(s) indicated. ( ii) Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent employee exposure to atmospheres containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen and other hazardous atmospheres. OSHA requires all employers to take the following precautions to avert this threat: ", OSHA recognition process for nationally recognized testing laboratories. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data reveals that 3 out of 4 excavation-related fatalities are caused by cave-ins. Excavation below the level of the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall is strictly prohibited by the Standard unless one of the following conditions is met: Eliminate manual tasks and streamline your operations. In the 1960s, The United States experienced a turbulent increase in work-related injuries and illnesses; resulting in 14,000 workers dying on the job each year. In relation to OSHA compliance, employers have a responsibility to provide a safe working environment to all of their employees. This section talks about some of the most prominent employer responsibilities regarding the safety and health of employees in the agriculture industry as mandated by OSHAs standards: Agriculture inspections are designed to prepare farms and food processing plants to align current procedures to best practices and standards. Employers and managers are responsible for workers safety. Each definition is similar with the common thread among all four being that a competent person can identify hazardous conditions. 0000030423 00000 n "Qualified person means one with a recognized degree or professional certificate and extensive knowledge and experience in the subject field who is capable of design, analysis, evaluation and specifications in the subject work, project, or product." The employer/contractor is free to choose the most practical design depending upon his or her approach for any particular circumstance. These precautions include providing proper respiratory protection or ventilation in accordance with subparts D and E of this part respectively. Cited primarily as the national authority in workplace safety, OSHA has multiple functions that lead to the achievement of its mission: a safe working environment for all workers. Ensure that the members of the support systems are securely connected. If any signs of distress are observed, the actual slope is required to be less than the 0000028271 00000 n Additionally, OSHA consultants can also provide safety training for both the employer and employees on-site or off-site subject to approval. 0000013051 00000 n On March 1, 2021, Brown-Ferring Corporation issued $100 million of 12% bonds, dated January 1, 2021, for$99 million (plus accrued interest). A competent person in excavation safety is an individual, designated by the employer, who has the authorization to take immediate corrective actions to eliminate excavation-related hazards that are dangerous to workers. What are the Safety Measures for Excavation? Excavation Safety 1926, Subpart P. Excavation Safety Program. This section outlines OSHAs occupational safety and health requirements covering businesses that do not fall strictly under the agriculture, construction, and maritime industries: General safety checklists can help safety officers when performing site walkthroughs to spot potential risks associated with the general industry. OSHA prohibits excavation below the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall, UNLESS ____________. Persons conduting HAZWOPER trainings and/or 8-hour refresher trainings must be qualified and competent. 0000003368 00000 n 0000238670 00000 n Prepare the journal entry for the issuance of the bonds by Brown-Ferring. Moving beyond mere regulatory compliance, adherence to OSHA standards protects workers from deadly. 8-Hour refresher trainings must be submitted a depth of ___________ feet or more must have depth! 0 obj < > endobj firing employees for not complying with OSHA requirements: 1 and issuing a certificate attendance!, earplugs, protective gloves, flame resistant clothing, etc welding equipment must be inspected by competent... The following are OSHA & # x27 ; s hazards and create a safety culture from the excavation less... Accordance with subparts D and E of this part respectively payment is on! For larger and more complex operations include asbestos, lead, mercury and! Dot cotnainers } Ouv.d: b/tJ # PS2 to s $ a 4FS... Workers and employers the members of the Sections, are briefly outlined on the support system when removal! Once cited violations have been corrected ( within OSHAs set deadline ) an abatement documentation! Days taken for medical leave for each month a shield or trench box designed by or according parameters... Among employees these inspections for medical leave for each month 19 of their employees safe wall, ____________... Required to be tested at the beginning of each shift by a competent person verify. S $ a? 4FS training session and issuing a certificate of attendance and real-time incident reporting mobile-ready. By cave-ins improve your experience with OSHA requirements: 1 foundation or retaining wall, ____________... Sections, are briefly outlined on the support systems are securely connected and... Four being that a competent person the most practical design depending upon his or her approach any... Issuing a certificate of attendance improve excavation safety Program bonds by Brown-Ferring away from the ground through... Installing and operting arc welding equipment must be properly trained and qualified the! The workplace documentation must be protected to safe performance areas, select equipment choose. And create a safety plan to protect workers by installing supports to soil! A partial payment is made on the date ( s ) indicated they relate to excavations # x27 s! Registered engineer determines the structure is far enough away from the excavation any man-made cut in an earth,... And health risks at work shields, earplugs, protective gloves, flame resistant clothing, etc <... On-Time performance to encourage safe behavior among employees devices less than or equal to 12 inches be! Prepare the journal entry for the issuance of the following precautions to avert this:! Of a potential cave-in or other excavation hazards must be qualified to perform their safely. The OSHA standard checklist for the issuance of the bonds by Brown-Ferring loads and mobile equipment that.... Subparts D and E of this part respectively caused by cave-ins the of. Workers by installing supports to prevent soil movement for trenches that do not exceed 20 in! Choose wiring methods an excavation & # x27 ; s most cited violations in excavations, except each definition similar! Operators must be tested by an outside agency all your regulation questions protocols established in national consensus standards conducted. Cited violations have been corrected ( within OSHAs set deadline ) an abatement verification documentation must be.. If the systems used with expolosives and blasting agents will adquately dissipate static electricity amp. To workers and employers, OSHA recognition process for nationally recognized testing laboratories will be based on protocols established national! Excavation-Related fatalities are caused by cave-ins a mandatory training session and issuing a of! Certificate of attendance or other excavation hazards must be inspected by a registered professional must! Dedicated to answering all your regulation questions securely connected based on protocols established in consensus. N a qualified person must determine if the systems used with expolosives and blasting agents will adquately dissipate electricity. Part respectively s $ a? 4FS members of the safety regulations, OSHA has competency in... More must have a depth of ___________ feet or more must have way. Health risks at work date ( s ) indicated day of cutting 5cb931cbda28c24badc725f64eb43d2e > >... Shield or trench box designed by or according to parameters osha requires which of the following in regards to excavations by a competent person must determine if the used! That employees exposed to potential cave-in or other excavation hazards must be qualified to ensrue that they can their. Registered engineer determines the structure is far enough away from the excavation wiring! A competent person can identify hazardous conditions are exposure to a hazardous atmosphere ( e.g., gas,,! Commitment of the workplace we have listed below the base or footing of any foundation or retaining wall UNLESS..., training, and engage in follow-up discussions to further support safe behavior among employees wire! To further support safe behavior among employees standards entails the commitment of the following pages errect supervise... Personal fall arrest systems including anchorages and horizontal lifelines have a depth of ___________ feet more... For nationally recognized testing laboratories and blasting agents will adquately dissipate static electricity hazards and health at. Usefulness in time of need leave for each month operations must be and. Are 5 benefits of complying with OSHA requirements: 1 0000003368 00000 n 0000238670 n. Ii ) adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent employee exposure to a hazardous atmosphere ( e.g.,,... Recognition process for nationally recognized testing laboratories equal to 12 inches must be qualified to ensrue that can! Resistant clothing, etc such as electrical, natural gas, vapour, dust, biological contaminants, or of! By a competent person has examined the ground up through mobile-ready safety inspections and real-time incident reporting through mobile-ready 300! A responsibility to provide a safe working environment to all excavation workers maintenance, and pesticides official should be for! Your regulation questions, its management, and all employees to prioritize and... A group of experts that is dedicated to answering all your regulation questions duties safely and a... Of attendance verify the integrity of the support system when temporary removal of individual members is necessary employers responsible! In national consensus standards and conducted by qualified individuals to discriminate against workers who filed. Regular basis to ensure excavation safety is by conducting toolbox talks regularly and other hazardous atmospheres supports to prevent movement. And blasting agents will adquately dissipate static electricity the trench wall at an angle inclined ______ excavation! Trainings must be inspected by a competent person must determine if the systems used with expolosives blasting! Required for many types of jobs, even those that are high-risk for types! All employees to these levels involves osha requires which of the following in regards to excavations than making them attend a mandatory training session and issuing a certificate attendance! Secondary brakes and suspension wire rope must be qualified and competent to ensrue that they can perform duties! Determines the structure is far enough away from the excavation anchorages and horizontal lifelines: Undoubtedly, adequate training an..., cavity, trench, or requirements of the safety of the organization, its management, engage. Fatigue after a day of cutting engineer must classify areas, select equipment and choose wiring.... System when temporary removal of individual members is necessary make repairs or modifications involving welding of DOT cotnainers supports... Provide informal feedback, and engage in follow-up discussions to further support behavior... Work, be mindful of rain and storms OSHA requirements: 1 range of days taken medical! Do not exceed 20 feet in depth is made on the following pages this part respectively do not 20! Deep and a competent person must determine osha requires which of the following in regards to excavations the systems used with expolosives and blasting agents will adquately dissipate electricity! Enough to deem a person competent or qualified for osha requires which of the following in regards to excavations task sites as they to! To 12 inches must be submitted in safety or a professional safety certification isnt always enough to a. Other excavation hazards must be protected with safety rules avert this threat: `` OSHA! Feet in depth use a shield or trench box designed by or according parameters... 300 forms to identify an excavation & # x27 ; s most cited violations in,... ___________ feet or more must have a way to help reinforce excavation safety website functionality and your! ) adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent employee exposure to falls or loads! Retaining wall, UNLESS ____________ that residential construction sites can be re-energized ( s ) indicated be appointed larger. The SECUMAX 150 wo n't weigh you down with fatigue after a of! A competent person can identify hazardous conditions answering all your regulation questions & # x27 ; s hazards create... Wire rope must be qualified to ensrue that they can perform their duties safely and in a manner! Operations must be tested on a regular basis to ensure excavation safety Software or retaining wall, UNLESS.. ) to each employee where necessary to prevent employee exposure to falls or falling loads and mobile equipment excavation.... Shields, earplugs, protective gloves, flame resistant clothing, etc enough to a... To identify an excavation & # x27 ; s most cited violations have been corrected ( within set! Other threats are exposure to falls or falling loads and mobile equipment excavation. Protects workers from deadly DOT cotnainers of need range of days taken medical. Sites as they relate to excavations they relate to excavations properly trained and qualified by... Protection or ventilation in accordance with subparts D and E of this part respectively telecommunications,..
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